Summary of Ten Stories Essay Example

Summary of Ten Stories Essay My Lucy friend who smells like corn is a story of a girl named Lucy. The narrator who was the friend of Lucy smells Lucy like a corn. She smells like corn because she is always in the street during daytime. The narrator described the life of Lucy and her family. Lucy’s family has a simple life – sometimes rich but most of the time, they are poor but they are happy. Lucy has a big family; she has her parents and many siblings. There was a time when the arms of Lucy had scars and her nail fell off but she remained strong and she did not cry. The narrator saw her face and the narrator knew that Lucy was brave enough to conquer her problems and pains. Seeing the life of Lucy and her family, the narrator also wanted to be like Lucy – having simple life, simple dreams even if they have problems and pains, having so many siblings but they were happy, and most of all, to be smelled like corn. Eleven Eleven is about the story of a girl who wanted to feel a new life because she turned eleven. She wanted change on the way he is treated – her actions, her situations, and her environment but she felt that she was just the same as she was younger. The narrator also described her actions and situations while she was younger, which she do not want to be treated that way again for she knew that was already old. She does not want to sit on the lap of her mother and she does not want to cry for it was the actions of younger children and she was not part of them anymore. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Ten Stories specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Ten Stories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Ten Stories specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When she went to school, she thought that people would get in touch with her to greet her happy birthday but it was the opposite. Her teacher saw an ugly jacket in the room, she asked her class who owns the jacket but almost everyone denied. One girl said that it was the narrator’s jacket but the narrator denied it because it was too ugly and it smells bad but the teacher also thinks that it was her so she gave it to her but still, the narrator denied. The narrator felt awkward and wanted to become a child again for she wanted to cry and ran through her mother but she cannot. Salvador Late or Early It was a story of a boy named Salvador who has no friends or acquaintances. His life has full of misery, pain, and struggle. He used to take good care of his younger sisters and brothers for he wanted them to look good even if it was the opposite of his appearance. He helped his mother as best as he cold even if most of the time, his help was not enough and sometimes brought terrible things to them. Salvador does not want his family especially his brothers and sisters to be treated like him. His pain, struggles, and problems could not be seen through his eyes but it was seen through his body that contains wounds and scars of pains and sorrows. Mexican Movies The story is about a little child who used to observe everything around. She was happy when her father asked her to go to the lobby of the movie house because her father does not want her to see the sexual scenes. The narrator does not really understand those things but she knew what is happening that she needs to go to the lobby. Rather than going to the lobby, she chooses to go to the women’s bathroom to observe it – do some tic-tac-toe using a lipstick or she also went to the candy counter to buy some food for herself. Her family loves to watch movies especially Mexican movies and though it was not that beautiful. They just stayed on their seats and soon get sleep. After the movie, their parents will carry her and her sister and bring them home. Even if it was a long night for them, when they get to bed, they feel happy. Barbie-Q The story is about the two characters where the narrator is the first and her friend was the second. The narrator described the dress of her doll and the doll of her friend. The narrator illustrated carefully and thoroughly all the necessary characteristics of her doll and her friend’s doll but as she looks at it, she realized that the eyes of her friend’s doll are eyes of a boy. Because of this, she made the doll a boy, which was Ken. The narrator also reminisce their experience last Christmas as they received new Barbie clothes and the narrator was looking forward for next Christmas. The narrator then started to illustrate their experiences while walking at the Maxwell street; but still she was still thinking about the clothes of her doll – where and how to buy due to shortage of budget. The narrator ended the story in a generalization of buying toys and its physical characteristics as damaged but she imposed that even if such cases like this are done, there is still a fire sale at the Maxwell street. Mericans Mericans is about the story of an awful grandmother who used to pray always at the church. The narrator observed the awful grandmother as a righteous woman that made him also righteous. When the narrator went inside the church and look at the saints, he also somehow feels like a saint. The narrator narrates his observations inside and outside the church that made him realized the purpose of the people in the church. Aside from the church itself, the narrator observed the saint of the church, which is La Virgen de Guadalupe that gives miracle to people. The narrator’s brother also observed the whole place as he also imagined himself as a flying feather dancer who danced for the birthday of the Virgen. As the narrator goes on with his observations, he saw the awful grandmother praying hard for the people she loved. The day ended with these scenes and opened for nightlife to make people alive as they celebrate the birthday of their patron saint. Tepeyac Tepeyac is a story of a man named Abuelito. The narrator narrates her observations and encounter with Abuelito. In the first part of the story, the narrator described the physical characteristics of the place but she just illustrated the people of Tepeyac, which she focused then. While walking and observing people, the narrator saw Abuelito smoking in a dark place with only one dark light bulb lighting on his face. The narrator went to Abuelito’s side and observed him first but then she started holding his hand. Feeling the emotions of Abuelito as he remained silent. Like having an intimate relationship, the narrator and Abuelito walked around the basilica. After a long walk, they found out that they were near the house of the narrator. The narrator’s house is in La Fortuna with a number 12 but it was already sold. Before they can go to the main door, they have walk to the square steps of the grass. They both started to count but while counting, they were also thinking of their experiences and shared it to one another. The story ends with the thought of the narrator to Abuelito’s situation that seemed to be forgotten by their community without any name. One Holy Night One holy night is the story of a girl who is ignored by the people around her. She always felt that people see her as nothing but a vendor even if she has something to give. She was very much in love with a boy named Chaq Uxmal Paloquin. This boy made her life colorful but there was a time when this boy vanished from her eyes. The narrator waited for so long until she found someone named Boy Baby, her heart says that he was her Chaq but it was very different, he was just an ignorable person for it has his own world and speaks a different language people could not understand. However, even if it was the case of Boy Baby, the narrator still wanted to be with him and loved him dearly. One night, Boy Baby asked the narrator to accompany him in his place. Boy Baby showed his weapons to the narrator and asked her to stay quiet about what she saw. After that, they make love. The narrator was very happy with her experience. She thought of the women who do not want to talk about their experiences for it was sacred. When she got home, her older sister asked her pushcart – the cart that she is using when selling cucumber. She does not know what to do so she made a story. Her sister believed her but eventually, the true story emerged because one of their neighbors saw the narrator and Boy Baby going to Esparza and Sons every night, it was Boy Baby’s place. Abuelita, the narrator’s sister asked her the truth and she said everything except of one thing. One day, when she found out that she was pregnant, her sister cried a lot and blamed all men. Because of this, they started to find the Boy Baby. After a long time, they found out that Boy Baby was not Chaq that the narrator was referring to. He was already thirty-seven years old and a poor man with no Mayan blood unlike Chaq. The narrator was very disappointed but she still pursues her pregnancy. In the end, she still wanted to have five kinds – 2 boys, 2 girls, and one baby. My Tocaya This is about a young girl who narrates her tocaya, Patricia Benavidez because it was gone for three days. Everyone thought that she was dead that the narrator described Patricia as a girl who came back from the dead. Patricia Benavidez was said as the â€Å"son† of the father and son’s Taco place no.2 for she inherited this restaurant. However, despite of all the good things that happened to Patricia the narrator still used exaggerated words to described her. The narrator also described the feelings of the people especially Patricia’s family and their school. She also attached an article from the newspaper about Patricia according to the news Patricia is 13 and been missing since November 11, 5 feet tall, weighting around 115 lbs, etc. The narrator was angry with Patricia but she was also jealous with her. She knew that Patricia was not good inside and out, for she knew some secrets of Patricia. Patricia also liked the boy that the narrator also liked that is why her anger became double. When Patricia was found, she as not happy even if almost everyone are crying for Patricia and she also wanted Patricia not to be found anymore. Woman Hollering Creek This story is about the life of a couple named Juan Pedro Martinez Sanches and Cleofilas Enriqueta De Leon Hernandez. In the first part of the story, the narrator described the preparation of the wedding; it was elaborated thoroughly from the flowers, food, up to the dresses. They depend on the outfit of the characters in the telenovelas, Cleofilas relate her life to this fictional novel that make her weaker and pitiful. Juan Pedro is a very busy person, so he wanted to get married as soon as possible because she cannot leave his job for a long time. After they get married, they had children and had their own home but like other couples, they had problems. That sometimes made them weak and broken. Cleofilas usually goes to social gatherings and she used to encounter women who are much stronger than she is and all she can do is act like an innocent woman.

American Romanticism essays

American Romanticism essays The literary movement known as American Romanticism can be traced back to August 31, 1837, when Waldo Emerson addressed the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard College. His words became known as dazzling spell of creative energy that produced some of the most esteemed works of all time: Melvilles Moby Dick, Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, and Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass. Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Emerson, Whitman, and Henry David Thoreau define American Romanticism through transcendentalism, Nature, and the individual in American Romanticism. American Romantics were undoubtedly influenced by the dramatic political and social changes taking place in the early nineteenth century. The literature of American Romanticism is considered the first illustration of American literary genius. American Romanticism is expressed in a belief of self-reliance, and being humanistic. Writers associated with the romantic period matured and worked in a constantly growing nation whose conflicts where internal. The chief characteristics of the American Romantic Movement are vitality and spring time freshness. One must remember that during this movement another American spring was taking place; F.O. Matthiessen notably put it, as an American Renaissance. According to McDowell, the romantic writers sought self-reliance as individuals an as members of a newly independent nation. We will walk with our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak with our own minds. In these words Ralph Waldo Emerson gave voice to the persuasive self reliance of the Romantic Generation. Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville and Whitman are unified by a common interest in the problems of humanity. These writers sought to explain the world by gaining a better understanding of man hims elf. Transcendentalism was a religious and intellectual movement that was a revolt ...

Mimesis Definition and Use

Mimesis Definition and Use Mimesis is a  rhetorical term for the imitation, reenactment, or re-creation of someone elses words, ​the manner of speaking, and/or delivery.   As Matthew Potolsky notes in his book Mimesis (Routledge, 2006), the definition of mimesis is remarkably flexible and changes greatly over time and across cultural contexts (50). Here are some examples below.   Peachams Definition of Mimesis Mimesis is an imitation of speech whereby the Orator counterfeits not only what one said, but also his utterance, pronunciation, and gesture, imitating everything as it was, which is always well performed, and naturally represented in an apt and skillful actor.This form of imitation is commonly abused by flattering jesters and common parasites, who for the pleasure of those whom they flatter, do both deprave and deride other mens sayings and doings. Also this figure may be much blemished, either by excess or defect, which maketh the imitation unlike unto that it ought to be. (Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence, 1593) Platos View of Mimesis In Platos Republic (392d), . . . Socrates criticizes the mimetic forms as tending to corrupt performers whose roles may involve expression of passions or wicked deeds, and he bars such poetry from his ideal state. In Book 10 (595a-608b), he returns to the subject and extends his criticism beyond dramatic imitation to include all poetry and all visual art, on the ground that the arts are only poor, third-hand imitations of true reality existing in the realm of ideas. . . .Aristotle did not accept Platos theory of the visible world as an imitation of the realm of abstract ideas or forms, and his use of mimesis is closer to the original dramatic meaning. (George A. Kennedy, Imitation. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001) Aristotles View of Mimesis Two basic but indispensable requirements for a better appreciation of Aristotles perspective on mimesis . . . deserve immediate foregrounding. The first is to grasp the inadequacy of the still prevalent translation of mimesis as imitation, a translation inherited from a period of neoclassicism is which its force had different connotations from those now available. . . . [T]he semantic field of imitation in modern English (and of its equivalents in other languages) has become too narrow and predominately pejorativetypically implying a limited aim of copying, superficial replication, or counterfeitingto do justice to the sophisticated thinking of Aristotle . . .. The second requirement is to recognize that we are not dealing here with a wholly unified concept, still less with a term that possesses a single, literal meaning, but rather with a rich locus of aesthetic issues relating to the status, significance, and effects of several types of artistic representation. (Stephen Halliwell, The Aesthetics of Mimesis: Ancient Texts and Modern Problems. Princeton University Press, 2002) Mimesis and Creativity [R]hetoric in the service of mimesis, rhetoric as imaging power, is far from being imitative in the sense of reflecting a preexistent reality. Mimesis becomes poesis, imitation becomes making, by giving form and pressure to a presumed reality . . ..(Geoffrey H. Hartman, Understanding Criticism, in A Critics Journey: Literary Reflections, 1958-1998. Yale University Press, 1999)[T]he tradition of imitatio anticipates what literary theorists have called intertextuality, the notion that all cultural products are a tissue of narratives and images borrowed from a familiar storehouse. Art absorbs and manipulates these narratives and images rather than creating anything wholly new. From ancient Greece to the beginnings of Romanticism, familiar stories and images circulated throughout Western culture, often anonymously. (Matthew Potolsky, Mimesis. Routledge, 2006)

Japanese Artists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese Artists - Essay Example Japanese – American artists have created their distinct identity in this regard. In the present essay, we will focus on two such renowned Japanese – American artists: Sueo Serisawa and Chiura Obata. Sueo Serisawa Short biography: Born in Yokohama (Japan) in the year 1910, Serisawa’s father was an artist. The family migrated to USA and settled in Los Angeles during 1918. Serisawa was inspired by his father as an artist. As he grew up, he got involved in California Art and adopted American Impressionism as his working style. Serisawa excelled in creating portraits, still lifes, and landscape scenes. Unfortunately, the date of his first art exhibition coincided with the date of Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. After the incident of Pearl Harbor, Serisawa was fearful of forced internment by the US Government since he was a Japanese emigrant. From 1941 to 1947, his life was uncertain since he moved to New York to avoid internment while political tensions loomed all ar ound. However, after the War, Serisawa established himself as a painting instructor. He successfully worked at Laguna Beach School of Art, Scripps College, and Kahn Art Institute. He continued painting and teaching till his death in 2004. Critique and research: The art critics have highly appreciated Serisawa’s works and he has always been regarded as a talented artist in the sphere of impressionism and modernism. According to Susan Landauer, Donald D. Keyes, and Jean Stern, Serisawa was a significant figure among the California Impressionists and he considerably contributed in American arts along with other prominent artists like Mabel Alvarez, Boris Deutsch, etc. Serisawa’s modernist approach was well matured as early as the 1940s. However, both political and personal histories interfered with his artistic career and thought. In the later years of his life, according to Alissa J. Anderson, Serisawa’s works were deeply influenced by oriental culture, Zen philos ophy, and Japanese calligraphy. Moreover, considerable political influence too can be noted on some of his important works. For example, Serisawa’s Nine O’clock News is a masterpiece that shows a political statement about war using certain symbols and impressionist expressions (Landauer, Susan, William H. Gredts, and Patricia Trenton, 76). Serisawa and the California school influenced each other for a considerable period of time. Serisawa’s father himself was a Japanese artist, so he exhibited an oriental touch in his artworks. The difficult time of internment of the Japanese Americans by the US Government compelled Serisawa to leave Los Angeles, where he had grown up and learned the vital early lessons of art. However, later Serisawa admitted that those difficult days had rather helped him to mature as an artist. Analyzing Serisawa’s artworks, it ca be finally said that he has been a versatile artist, who excelled in making portraits, landscape scenes, a nd still lifes, along with complicated impressionist and modernist abstracts. Chiura Obata Short biography: Chiura Obata was born in 1885 in Japan. He migrated to USA in 1903. Initially, he worked as a commercial director and illustrator. He worked for the San Francisco based Japanese newspapers the Japanese American and The New World. He also worked as a commercial designer with Iwata Dry Goods Co. and Toyo Kisen Kaisha Steamship Co. In 1921, he became the

Discussion Forum Post Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Discussion Forum Post - Essay Example I do agree with Castiglione to some extent, but I think that he overlooked the fact that for individuals to perform well they need to acquire experience in the field they are engaged in. I think that no man can be perfect in all areas; everyone has a strong and a weak point. In addition, he never considered the moral values of a gentleman. This is emphasised in the book The American gentleman where the author describes a gentleman as a person who gives room for character development. He is a person that proves to others that he is committed to following the moral high road and acquires his personality and continuously developing, which is associated with his actions. The author also highlights that being a gentleman necessitated self-sacrifice, needs efforts and that a gentleman offers himself freely without expectations for anything in return (Hall v). Yes I agree with Machiavelli’s conviction that a leader must never trust anyone because as written in the selected political writings it is hard to anticipate an armed person would obey a defenceless person gratefully or a person who is not armed would feel secure in the hands of armed employees. This is due to the fact an armed individual disrespects a person who is not armed, and the defenceless person does not have confidence in anyone who can overthrow him. The author describes a wise ruler as the one who is always working in periods of peace taking the advantage of the calm period to prepare for trouble and when disaster strikes he must be ready to retaliate (Machiavelli & Wootton

Australian Aboriginal Dot Art Essay Example for Free

Australian Aboriginal Dot Art Essay Aboriginal art has been overshadowed by the idea that it is primarily presented in dots. It has got to the point where people believe that certain Aboriginal people own the dot and artists both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal are hesitant to use consecutive dots within artwork. Explain how the above has evolved and where dot art has come from Dot paintings today are recognised globally as unique and integral to Australian Aboriginal art. On the surface the dot is simply a style of Aboriginal painting, like the use of cross-hatching or stencil art. Exploring deeper into the history of the Aboriginal dot painting a world of camouflage, secrecy and ritual is discovered. The term ‘dot painting’ stems from what the Western eye sees when faced with contemporary Aboriginal acrylic paintings. This painting style arose from the Papunya art movement in the 1970s. Papunya Tula artists used a process which originally mirrored traditional spiritual ceremonies. In such rituals the soil would be cleared and smoothed over as a canvas (much like the dark, earthy boards used by the Papunya Tala) for the inscription of sacred designs, replicating movements of ancestral beings upon earth. These Dreaming designs were outlined with dancing circles and often surrounded with a mass of dots. Afterward the imprinted earth would be smoothed over, painted bodies rubbed away, masking the sacred-secrets which had taken place. This ritual was shifted from ground to canvas by the Papunya Tula who eventually added an array of naturally produced colours to the restricted palette of red, yellow, black and white produced from ochre, charcoal and pipe clay. Such pieces reveal a map of circles, spirals, lines, dashes and dots, the traditional visual language of the Western Desert Aboriginal People. However these marks were permanent and due to arising interest made public, creating internal political uproar. Consequently representations of sacred objects were forbidden or concealed through the dotting technique. Now that the collecting of pieces of Aboriginal art has become so popular world-wide, a common, mistaken belief is that the Dot Painting Style of Central Australia is a recent development. This belief arises because it was in the 1960s that a Central Australian school teacher encouraged the old men of the tribe to record their art on European sheets of board, using acrylic paints. This use of acrylic paints on flat board dates from that time. However, the art style itself, with geometric designs, is seen in the petroglyphs (rock engravings) dating back thousands of years. Ancient petroglyphs showing concentric circles (non-naturalistic art style), inland South Australia The use of dots was once Australia-wide, particularly seen on body decoration when people are painted for ceremonies, and paintings in the remote Kimberley region where dots are clearly seen on the body decoration of some of the earliest human figures, likely to be older than 20,000 years. See accompanying photo. ) Dot decoration on the body of an ancient human figure, Kimberley Aboriginal Art: Traditional to Contemporary The resurgence of Australian Indigenous art has become one of the most brilliant and exciting new eras of modern art. It has grown with such amazing diversity and enthusiasm that art critic, Robert Hughes, has described it as the last great art movement. For indigenous Austr alians art has been a part of their culture and tradition for thousands of years and is recognised as one of the oldest living art traditions. Though, over the past 30 years it has progressed from being confined primarily to the tourist industry, to become a richly, evolving international art movement. Since the Renaissance of Aboriginal art during the early 1970s, Aboriginal artists have been encouraged to find new, innovative ways of incorporating cultural traditions into their imagery. This encouragement first began through an art teacher, Geoffrey Bardon, who became the catalyst for contemporary Aboriginal art. Fascinated by the traditional sand designs created by Indigenous children in Papunya, Bardon encouraged the Aboriginal community to re-create their Dreamtime stories through paintings. He introduced them to acrylic paint and from there Aboriginal art gained a more permanent form and the style, popularly known as dot art, emerged as the most recognisable form of Aboriginal art. It was a new form of art which also allowed Aborigines to, for the first time, express to the rest of Australia and the world, the ancient traditions of their culture. Many Aboriginal artists have chosen to continue practicing traditional art as a means of conserving the conventional method of creating, inherited from their tribal ancestors. Their content, which is explicitly aboriginal, is usually derived from their history and culture, as a continuation of the spiritual link they possess with their country. Research When The emergence of dot paintings by Indigenous men from the western deserts of Central Australia in the early 1970s has been called the greatest art movement of the twentieth century. Prior to this, most cultural material by Indigenous Australians was collected by anthropologists. Consequently, collections were found in university departments or natural history museums worldwide, not art galleries. Where That all changed at a place called Papunya. Papunya was a sit-down place established in the early 1960s, 240 kilometres northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory (NT). The settlement brought together people from several western desert language groups: the Pintupi, Warlpiri, Arrernte (Aranda), Luritja, and the Anmatyerr, who were unaccustomed to living in close proximity to each other. Dot Painting or Aboriginal Dot Art originated in the desert using natural substances on the ground in the sand. Those pictures in the sand are not unlike the paintings we see today produced using acrylic paints. The acrylic paintings are usually done using acrylic paint and it is applied to canvas or art board with various diameter sticks dipped into paint and then applied one dot at a time. The Australian Aborigine of the western desert constructed their stories using ochre, sand, blood, coal from their fires and plant material placed together on the ground clump by clump for various ceremonial occasions. If you look at the desert landscape from the height of any small bluff or hill what you see looking down are clumps of growth scattered about a red landscape. The spinifix grass, desert hardwood bush and occasional rocks or rock outcrops make up the myriad of dots that seem to cover the landscape. Because everything in the desert has meaning to the Australian Aborigine these seemingly unimportant arrays of pattern in the desert have special meaning to the Dot painters of the western desert. If you were to ever fly over the desert low enough to see what was on the ground you would see what he dot painting has replicated for you to see. These dots are a myriad of clumps of natural splendour which might go unnoticed had you not seen a dot painting and looked to see what it was about. The arrangement of the plants, rocks and water are all part of the spirit of creation and it is because of this placement that Aboriginal people have traversed the deserts safely without printed maps for th ousands of years. The placement and arrangement of all of these natural things are in songs and these songs are often sung while the painting is being created. Nearly every painting has a song and the songs often disclose important ceremonial facts about a particular region or area. These important ceremonial places are often in the paintings but because they are sacred to Aboriginal people they are camouflaged in some way, visible to the initiated person but invisible to others who do not know what to look for. Many paintings contain these special hidden meanings and the new owners of these paintings will never know what the whole story of their purchased painting is about. Only over time may some insight be gained from looking at the painting. This is a point of pride among the Australian Aboriginal artists because they see the purchase of their art or for them the sale of their art, as a validation of their race and culture by others. This is because a value has been placed on the art. Since the Australian Aboriginal culture is depicted in all traditional paintings they are passing down their knowledge in the only way they are able, to those who have yet to understand it. The Aboriginal people do not have a written language so these painting of their stories and ceremonies are all they have to save this culture for future generations. The colour and the placement of the dots are important to depicting the visible message and camouflaging the hidden message in Aboriginal dot art. Even the over painting of an area of the work has special significance and may convey different messages. Some people gifted with a since of tactile feeling are able to feel a special vibrancy emanating from their painting. Who Many of the significant early artists at Papunya were senior men who had vivid memories of their first contact with white people. Typically, they came out of the desert as adults during the 1950s drought and their connection to ritual law was strong. The first artists collective, Papunya Tula Artists, was set up in 1972 by men from this settlement. Papunya Tula Artists was the inspiration and model for many other Indigenous artists collectives. In 2009 there are 42 desert Indigenous art communities represented by Desert. The artwork was seen as a way to keep the culture alive, and carry Indigenous stories to the world. The movement was seen as being about recollection and cultural memories linked to Dreaming’s or story types. Why the modern aboriginal â€Å"dot art† movement started? Geoffrey Bardon AM (1940–2003) Geoffrey Bardon began working as an art teacher at Papunya Special School in 1971. Concerned that the schools curriculum, appearance and ethos seemed out of step with Aboriginal culture, Bardon attempted unsuccessfully to involve his class in painting a series of murals on the school walls. Thereupon Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Long Jack Phillipus Tjakamarra, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri and others created the Honey Ant Mural, which inspired many senior men to ask Bardon for painting materials and eventually begin painting in the Mens Painting Room. The Mens Painting Room, Papunya Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula can be seen in the middle ground painting a Kalinypa Water Dreaming. His two boomerangs are placed in front of the board as percussion instruments, ready to be used to accompany the verses of the Water Dreaming, sung at intervals during the painting process, June-August 1971 Photo: Michael Jensen Convinced of the groundbreaking importance of what he was witnessing, Bardon made comprehensive photographic, moving film and written records of the artists and the paintings that they produced while he was at Papunya. From his primary research, Bardon wrote three books and made three films that initiated public interest in Western Desert art. In 1988 Bardon was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for his unique contribution to the Western Desert art movement. The Honey Ant Mural, July 1971 Geoffrey Bardon and his Arerrnte assistant, Obed Raggett, had noticed people drawing designs in the sand at Papunya. Following this precedent, they drew circles and spirals on the blackboard in an unsuccessful attempt to encourage their class of adolescent boys to paint a series of murals on a whitewashed, cement-rendered wall of the Papunya Special School. In late July 1971, after painting a series of smaller practice murals, seven painters collaborated in the painting of a monumental mural representing the Honey Ant Dreaming specific to the site of Papunya. Working under the direction of custodians Mick Wallangkarri Tjakamarra and Tom Onion Tjapangati, the artists included Kaapa Tjampitjinpa, Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, Long Jack Phillipus Tjakamarra, Johnny Warangkula Tjupurrula and Don Ellis Tjapanangka. The Honey Ant Mural, a bold expression of Aboriginal culture in a government settlement, occasioned great rejoicing at Papunya and inspired immense pride in the community. Geoffrey Bardon in front of the Honey Ant Mural, Papunya, August 1971 Photo: Robert Bardon  © artists and their estates 2011, licensed by Aboriginal Artists Agency Limited and Papunya Tula Artists Pty Ltd Pintupi people from the Western Desert Pintupi is the name of a Western Desert language spoken by Aboriginal people who belong to a large stretch of country in the Gibson Desert of Western Australia and the western edge of the Northern Territory. When the Pintupi arrived in the government settlements east of their traditional lands between the 1930s and the 1950s, they adopted the term Pintupi to distinguish themselves from the surrounding Aboriginal inhabitants as the people from the west. They were among the last Aboriginal people in Australia to abandon their nomadic lifestyle, the last family arriving into the newly established community of Kiwirrkura in 1984. In Papunya, the Pintupi, bound to each other by their dominant loyalties of relatedness and kinship, were ostracised due to their lack of conversance with kartiya (non-Aboriginal) customs and their perceived lack of sophistication. Diversity within â€Å"dot art† showing two different artists works. Uta Uta Tjangala Traditional Artist Uta Uta Tjangala, who is an exemplar of the historical cultural tradition, Uta Uta’s painting career and reputation is closely aligned to the artistic renaissance that began at Papunya in 1971. He was a founding member of the mens painting group, inspired other Pintupi tribesmen, and becoming one of the most senior and influential painters amongst the group. Born in Western Australia in Drovers Hills, he made the epic journey to Haasts Bluff with his family during the severe drought of the mid to late 1950’s in the company of Charlie Tarawa. Two years later, after returning to his homelands, he made the journey once more with Timmy Payungka, Pinta Pinta and their families. Uta Uta Tjangala (early years) Employed as a gardener at the Papunya school Uta Uta, then in his 40’s, became one of the original group drawing and painting on composition board with encouragement from art teacher Geoff Bardon. When supplying paints to Uta Uta and his gathering group of enthusiastic friends, Bardon suggested the men use their existing cultural symbols to depict their Dreamings and links to the land. The Pintupi men, having been pushed from their traditional homelands by government policy and European development, painted under a bough shelter behind the camp pouring into their work their acute longing for the places depicted †¦ and chanting the song cycles that told the stories of the designs as they worked . These early works aroused strong protest within Aboriginal communities when first exhibited in Alice Springs in 1974 because of the disclosure of secret and sacred knowledge. A period of experimentation followed, resulting in the development of a symbolic language of classic ideograms and the characteristic dot covered areas that veil sacred elements from the uninitiated. The large, tribally mixed population of Papunya intensified the interaction, but under the influence of artists like Uta Uta, the painting group was able to break through the political and cultural constraints toward a safer stylistic conformity, and prepare the way for personal and distinctive styles to emerge. Uta Uta in particular, with his exciting and charismatic personality as well as his bold and dynamic style, played a vital role in these developments. Bardon recalled many years later, everything that came from him was genuine . Uta Uta’s 1971 and 1972 paintings generally featured major story elements with only the barest dotted in-fill within the iconography and small sections of the background. The aesthetic balance and harmony of these works is derived through colour and weight rather than by a geometric division of the painted surface. The rather crude dotting and line work of these early paintings on board embues them with an energy and power that is less apparent in his later more technically proficient works. His paintings are far stronger and more powerful when the clean unadorned background remains, unlike paintings by his contemporary Kaapa, whose early works became more aesthetically appealing as he began to in-fill the background. In developing a style that censored the more secret and sacred content in his painting, Uta Uta added more dot-work as the years went by. He painted more Tingari sites completely surrounded by neat dots that became less and less detailed. Despite his advancing age during the late 1970’s he continued to paint as he spent increasing time at outstations west of Papunya and, at the beginning of the 1980’s, he completed what was to become one of the most important and revered works of the entire Western Desert art movement. Yumari 1981, possibly his largest and most significant painting, reveals the mythical Tingari ancestors traveling across vast stretches of country as they create sites and institute rituals. Yumari is a rocky outcrop in his home country and the key ceremonial site of the area. Story elements and natural features blend seamlessly into a beautifully balanced geometry of concentric circles and connecting lines that enclose a central, abstracted figure. This body continues rather than interrupts the intense, minutely dotted background configurations, yet still holds the central focus. The work is characterised by the sinuous movement of converging regular and irregular shapes, accentuated by outlining white dots. The predominant use of an earthy red alongside vivid yellow ochre, further emphasizes the assertive quality in this cohesive and powerful statement of Aboriginal tradition. The work was exhibited at the XVIII Bienal de Sao Paulo in 1983 and is now in the collection of the National Museum of Australia. While painting Yumari, important discussions were taking place at Papunya concerning the move back to the Pintupi homelands at Kintore. Land rights legislation during the 1970’s returned ownership of the land to its traditional owners and Uta Uta was a strong advocate for resettlement.

Green Architecture :: Sustainable Building Environment Essays

Green Architecture Green architecture is an approach to building which has become more popular in the last 25 to 30 years. Also known as sustainable design, green architecture is a method of design that minimizes the impact of building on the environment. Once thought of as unconventional and nonstandard, both regulatory agencies and the public alike are quickly accepting green architecture as a socially responsible and logical means of construction. The beginnings of today's green revolution can be traced back to the environmental awareness of the 1960s and European design. New construction techniques have lead to the development of innovative materials and design concepts. Green buildings are designed, constructed and commissioned to ensure they are healthy for their occupants. Successfully designed green projects can involve an extensive array of factors, ranging from the resourceful use of materials, to careful consideration of function, climate, and location. The concepts about green architecture can generally be organized into several areas of application. These areas include sustainability, materials, energy efficiency, land use, and waste reduction. Green buildings are not only designed for present use, but consideration is also been given to future uses as well. An adaptable structure can be "recycled" many times over the course of its useful life. If specific technical issues prevent use of the building for a new function, then the materials used in its construction are designed to facilitate ease of recycling and reprocessing of materials. Buildings consume a variety of materials in their construction. Green design reduces the dependence on resource intensive products and materials. Today, there are an increasing number of products available made from efficient, earth-friendly, or recycled materials. In a green building, consideration is also given to the construction process itself. Materials that minimize waste or can be recycled, help contribute to an efficient and environmentally sensitive construction process. Another important aspect of green architecture is the integration of energy efficient mechanical systems and conservation methods. Green buildings are designed to reduce or eliminate the dependence on fossil fuels. Additionally, green designs further help to minimize waste through the use of gray water recycling and other sustainable energy strategies. Grey water is conserved or saved to be recycled to water gardens. Land use and building orientation also plays a critical role in green architecture. A green building is located to take advantage of its climate and surroundings. These conditions not only affect the efficiency of a building, but of the community and society as a whole.

Management: Hamburger and Traditional Dishes Essay

Questions 1. What opportunities and threats did McDonald’s face? How did it handle them? What alternatives could it have chosen? Ans: Opportunities: This wonderful phrase echoes around the world 50 million times a day, in 30,000 locations, in multitude of languages, in more than 120 countries around the globe. And this simple thought sums up the reason McDonald’s has become the best known and most popular quick service restaurant around the world, quite a tribute to Ray Kroc, who founded this company nearly 50 years ago with the simple vision expressed by his phrase ‘Take good care of those who work for you, and you will float to greatness on their achievements’ Threats: The threats to McDonald’s domestically are the lack of growth opportunities. The market is well saturated, and it would difficult to achieve double-digit growth. Other concerns are a newfound emphasis on healthier eating. But I feel the key threat to McDonald’s continued success. Because McDonald’s are everywhere, the dining experience is never special. And as Baby Boomers age and become more affluent, it is likely that they will leave behind their fast-food ways, if only to step up to moderately priced restaurants like Olive Garden, KFC and Pizzeria Uno. These chains have the added advantage of serving higher-margin alcoholic drinks. McDonald’s, meanwhile, has to continually battle Burger King and Wendy’s, which leads to an erosion of margins for everyone. Even alliances with toy manufacturers, while popular with consumers, do little for the bottom line because the cost to run these promotions can be quite expensive. How to handle them: McDonald’s faces some difficult challenges, the best solutions for them are: * Key to its future success will be maintaining its core strengths. * Unwavering focus on quality and consistency. * McDonald’s management organized a successful plan and also implement the plan. * McDonalds should provide traditional dishes. * The company could also look into expanding more aggressively abroad where the prospects for significant growth are greater. * McDonalds should distribute free sample in different offices and colleges. Alternatives: * McDonald’s is actively trying to reduce their negative impact on the environment by altering their company policies. * They have the ability to add healthier lines of food. * McDonalds should provide bonus to his employees for better performance. * McDonalds should decrease its prices in that country where per capita is very low. * McDonalds provide traditional dishes to their customers. 3. What is McDonald’s basic philosophy? How does it enforce this philosophy and adapt to different environments? Ans: McDonald’s main philosophy is to be the major player in the food services around the world. It achieves this philosophy by its highly professional management which keeps an eye on everything. Their planning and strategies are more customer driven then advertisement and moreover their food is what gives them edge over others. The management provides food according to the demand of its customer and its environment. For example: for Muslim countries their menu is according to their religious laws, for Japan where burgers are a snack, McDonald’s provide them accordingly. 4. Should McDonald’s expand its menu? If you say no, then why not? If you say yes, what kinds of products should it add? Ans: Yes, According to my view, McDonald’s satisfies the whole concept of fast food. It provides a vast range of edibles starting from different sort of burgers, snacks, different coffees, milkshakes, ice creams, pastas and even pizzas but it also provide some type of traditional dishes so that the people which do not likes these things will enjoy the traditional ones. 5. Why is McDonald’s successful in many countries around the world? Ans: In the present day – we all lead a very hectic lifestyle cramping our lives with endless things to do and accomplish. Gone are the days when meals were cooked and served in households three times a day, instead, the youth live on pre-cooked micro waved meals and fast food. We want food and we want it fast. This was essence for the rise of McDonald’s. Another reason is that McDonald’s management contributed for this huge success. It perform all five managerial skills very well and efficiently. They started from scratch but they are now a great player in food services. Their food, management , advertisement, pucks, highly equipped franchises(having sofas, chairs, Wi-Fi connections, etc) all make them best in the market and they stand out by giving edge now to its competitors in every respect.

Commentary of “I wandered lonely as a cloud” Essay

The poem â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud† by William Wordsworth is categorized as a representation of Romanticism, an intellectual impression which is characterized by the emphasis of individual’s expression of emotion and imagination. Throughout the poem, Wordsworth constantly draws the connections between a heightened interest in nature and the human mood, uniting the two in one, in order to further advocate the qualities of Romanticism. More specifically, the spiritual value which the speaker of the poem finds in nature (daffodils) is delineated through the imageries and other literary technique such as hyperbole and overstatement that the poet employs. In the first stanza, the speaker is metaphorically portrayed as a lonely cloud in the sky, watching down on the crowded daffodils on earth. The apparent distance between the symbolic location of the speaker and the daffodils contrasts the loneliness and the liveliness at the scene, almost as if the speaker is the only cloud in the sky, with no destination and sense of direction while the daffodils â€Å"dance[s] in the breeze†. Such loneliness and contrast create a sense of emotions in the atmosphere, nearly a feeling of sadness but also a desire of the speaker to join the crowded daffodils. Moreover, the desire is echoed as Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles in the description of daffodils, golden, to elaborate the excitement and the emotional affection in which the speaker experiences when he oversees them. In reality, daffodils are simply a type of yellow flower, however, the exaggeration on the color suggests the strong emotional feeling that the speaker has for the flowers. Such passion which the speaker possesses for the daffodils is further revealed as Wordsworth goes on to overstress the flowery scene with the amount of â€Å"ten thousand†. As it is almost impossible to have such enormous amount of flowers in one spot, the overstatement does indeed serve its purpose of emphasizing the speaker’s grandiose (as if it is the same amount as the flowers) feeling about the flowers. It is interesting to note that Wordsworth may deliberately depict the speaker as a natural object, cloud, while personifies the natural objects, daffodils, as human beings. Such technique may create a sense of unity between the two; human transforms into nature and nature transforms into human. Not only the feeling of speaker (human) about the daffodils (nature) is strengthened, but at the same time, it also allows the readers to experience the poem more easily. Moreover, hyperbole is again employed by Wordsworth as he portrays the daffodils â€Å"continuous as the stars that shine†. Such portrayal contradicts with the short live characteristic of a daffodil, however the feeling created in the speaker may stay eternally, like the starts that live to be billions years old. Overall, Wordsworth utilizes hyperboles and overstatements, particularly in the first two stanzas, to emphasize the importance of nature while advocating the importance of imagination in Romanticism. Meanwhile, human’s affection towards nature is also another element presented in this poem.

Reconstruction essays

Reconstruction essays Reconstruction It was 1865, the Civil War had ended and President Abraham Lincoln has been assassinated. Lincoln had been the moderator between the extreme beliefs of the Republican majority in Congress and the liberal ideas of the Democrats or Confederate sympathizers. None the less Reconstruction needed to begin as soon as possible. The South needed to be rebuilt, economically as well as geographically; the Union would have to readmit all former Confederate states in order for the reconstruction to begin. Lincolns point of view had been that the South deserved to be readmitted. Others, such as Congress, felt like the South should pay for their rebellious behavior. They felt this way because they were afraid that the South would rebel again. There were many different ideas on how the Reconstruction for the South was to be dealt with, but the most important were Lincolns Plan, Johnson Plans of Reconstruction, and the Radical Republican Reconstruction. Lincolns Plan consisted of two major points: the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, which included the Ten Percent Plan and the acceptance of the Thirteenth Amendment. The Proclamation of Amnesty stated that before returning to the Union, the Confederates would take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States of America and the Union of the states there under. Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction was to readmit Southern States on liberal terms, and offered a 10% plan. This plan allowed southern states to reenter the union and develop a state government as soon as 10% of the state's population signed a loyalty pledge however Congress wished to be more severe. Lincoln might have been able to carry his plan through but he was killed shortly after the beginning of his second term in office. Andrew Johnson, the successor to Lincoln, initially showed views on Reconstruc...

Analysis of Albania’s Tax System

Analysis of Albanias Tax System INTRODUCTION Every one can make the question: â€Å"why do we have taxes?†.Practically we can say , that one democratic state can not exist without taxes, even if he does not operate just with taxes.Taxes and taxability are a necessity. The standard of living of a modern society demands it; governments must collect the revenues in order to provide the goods and services that their citizens need, want and demand. The principal sources of Albanian tax legislation are the Constitution, various laws and decrees. The Parliament is the prime taxing authority in Albania, while the Ministry of Finance is the executive branch, responsible for administration of the laws. There is an important difference between tax and taxability in Albania.Taxability is an obligated and irreversible payment in state budget which include administrative charges and penalties for the delays provided by law. They are obligated payments of different contributors used for general public services, in that wa y state can accomplish his duty. While tax is an obligated contribute to pay from one person who profits directly from public services. They are a type of compensation for special public services accomplished from state in advantage of citizen. Taxes are mostly resource of locale organs entries of state, city halls, communes . Taxes for public services which we pay for has the element of volition, wich can not happen in no case with taxability. In financial point of view the taxes role is little than taxability ,so the role and the importance of taxes in confronting expenses for the public services is more sensible in the local budget than in the national budget. The following project aims to treat with no details the types of taxes and taxability in the Republic of Albania,their importance and influence in the economy.Often the country’s financial authorities have been propagating that tax levels in Albania are among the lowest in the region so in another section we will sti ck to the comparative analysis of tax burden. We will try to compare it with Macedonia and Greece. This article is structured as follows: First, we will briefly review the types of taxes and taxabilities in Albania. Second we will try to analyse and compare their importances in economy of our country with Macedonia and Greece. Finally, chapter four provides a summary and the conclusions on the issues treated.    OVERVIEW ON TAX SYSTEM IN ALBANIA In the following section we will briefly review the classification of taxability and taxes in Albania.1 1 This section is based mainly on a summary of tax system in Albania presented by Financat (2006). 2.1 Taxes 2.1.1 National Taxes National Taxes cover 23% of the income that the state recieves from the taxes system,that is why they are considered very important to the Government’s budget.Among the main national taxes,we can mention Road Traffic Tax,Higher Education Tax and Registration fee for Poker Games, Casinos, for sport compe titions taking place at the racetrack.Road Traffix Taxes include taxes imposed by the Government for the use of imported vehicles ,also the old ones,for the fuel consumption etc.The universities and other Academies are charged with the collection of Higher Education Tax.These taxes are cashed not later than 30 days from the official date of the beginning of the school year, in any academic year.While the tax on registration of gambling, casinos for sportive races held in hippodromes is payable only once at the beginning of such activities and their registration.

Busniess ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Busniess ethics - Essay Example This has enabled me to learn to respect others, be honest, trustworthy, obedient and truthful among many other virtues. My personal ethics are because of my parents who always had to ensure that my siblings and I learn from the best. This is by setting good examples as role models. My teachers have also been of great help in developing my personal ethics through education that includes instilling discipline in each student for our own good. Through parents and education am able to realize that nothing good comes from dishonesty, disrespect and selfishness (Howard & Korver 13). It is paramount to give a helping hand to those who need our help as we go through our daily routines. How we relate with others everyday defines us as individuals. Other family members in my extended family have also contributed greatly in shaping my personal ethics in one way or the other. Several factors influence my code of ethics in an inevitable way. This is the most basic factor of all others for they are responsible for punishing and rewarding according to our conducts and discipline. In life and as we grow from the people we are familiar with, people we trust and look up to in our lives. My parents and others members of the family are the ones responsible for my current personal code of ethics. Sometimes some of these family members may not have a constructive control on our behavior and that is why it is significant for our parents to ensure that they have a strong bond with their children. This leads to a better and stronger friendship that is important in instilling positive morals in their children as they grow into adults. Friends and age mates play a major role as far as personal ethics are concerned depending on which kind of people we hang around with. I personally relate with friends who are positive minded rather than with those with negative influences. People will always judge an individual based on the type