The Direct Relationship Between Critical Thinking And Ethics

The Direct Relationship between Critically Thinking and Ethics Manuel Ortuno Jr. Foundations for University Success/GEN 201 21 September 2014 Ms. Alisa Hewitt The Direct Relationship between Critical Thinking and Ethics Critical thinking and ethics are two topics that every person should be educated on starting from childhood in order to be functional members of any society. To better understand the issue, one must first know what critical thinking and ethics are; â€Å"Critical thinking is the path to freedom from half-truths and deception† (Ellis, 2011) while â€Å"Ethics is the study of the foundational values of a community† (Ethical Lens Inventory, 2014). After reviewing the material in Becoming a Master Student about critical thinking and the Ethics Lens Inventory assignment, I feel the relationship between critical thinking and ethics is directly related, given that one understands the â€Å"rights† and â€Å"wrongs† for the community he/she will be a part of; discussing this relationship will also provide the foundation for the discussion of my personal review of my own blind spots and preferred ethical lens, how it affects my decision making, and how it applies t o professional and societal responsibilities. Critical Thinking Process Steps In order to understand critical thinking better, you must first be aware of the process. There are three steps, or strategies, to the critical thinking process which are quite lengthy. They include â€Å"checking your attitude, checking forShow MoreRelatedPolicing1068 Words   |  5 PagesEthics in Criminal Justice Administration Analysis Perla M. 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Behavioral Observation Project Free Essays

Going to school is one of the most valuable social rituals people do. Staying for over 15 years at school, people earn an academic education that will shape their careers and lives. In school, people also meet friends and mentors who influence their personal beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Observation Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now The early years in school are especially crucial for shaping foundations for virtues such as the proper behavior and self-discipline. Thus, grade school teachers are given the responsibility of instilling in their students the right qualities and attitudes. The learning site observed is a co-ed second grade class. The students are smart and energetic kids, with a few quiet ones thrown in. They come mostly from middle-class families and are of mixed ethnicities. They are still learning the core of education; spelling, writing, reading comprehension, basic geography, and fractions. Their teacher is male and a fresh university graduate; thus, he is younger than most of the faculty members. His youth presents itself in his interaction and communication style. The teacher is approachable and authoritative at the same time. He is kind, friendlier, and less stiff than other teachers. He also has a more laidback demeanor that is evident in his non-verbal gestures, such as giving high-fives and thumbs up to his students as a way of affirming their answers. His students perceive him as likable and are also more relaxed with him. By their standards, he is seen as more of big brother type rather than a scary teacher. The respect he receives is different, but in no way less than what other teachers get. At times when the students get too noisy or when kids fight, the teacher lets out his more commanding side to discipline the students. The teacher aims to improve and influence his students’ behavior, such as building up their self-discipline to keep them from chatting with seatmates and increase the attention that they pay to the lessons. To fulfill these, he makes use of some reinforcing and motivating consequences for the children’s actions. According to Skinner, using reinforcements is effective in helping shape or condition one’s reactions to stimuli. Thus, stimuli are called behavior influencers (Barker, Kreider, Peissig, Sokoloff Stansfield, 2008) Positive reinforcement increases the desired stimulus while a negative reinforcement removes a negative stimulus. Both encourage one to continue whichever action will lead to one’s benefit and increased comfort (Feist Feist, 2007). In the case of the second grade class, the most important stimulus is their grades. Having good grades leads to positive stimuli such as teacher’s praises, feelings of pride, and rewards from their parents. On the other hand, low grades bring about negative stimuli like dissatisfaction with oneself and disappointment from teachers and parents. The second-grade teacher uses public praises as positive reinforcements for kids who do well. By announcing how high one student’s grade is or by putting up the best artwork on the classroom corkboard, he highlights the student’s admirable behavior and quality of schoolwork, thus heartening the student to continue his or her hard work. The teacher uses mostly intangible reward to cheer his students on, as he hopes to motivate his students intrinsically rather than by bribes or physical rewards. Internal motivation will lead to a continued and better performance. He makes a special exception though for the case of a student with ADHD. He gives external rewards such as bowling games vouchers to this particular student to persuade him to continue his good performance and classroom behavior and continue his improvements. The teacher does not practice much punishment and extinction in the classroom. The harshest punishment he does is calling out a student’s name to get his or her attention back to the lessons. He was allowed to give them detention, especially when the kids get very naughty. His strength as an instructor and behavior model for the kids lay in the fact that he never had to give detentions because he is able to subdue a conflict before it even starts. He also understands the kids’ need to let go of pent-up energy and allows them to have some energy-releasing activities. The students receive punishment and extinction at home, mostly in the form of added chores for the former and revoked TV and video game privileges for the latter. The second graders are under the teacher’s excellent classroom management. The teacher’s policies are effectively and followed soundly. The teacher showed a perceptive understanding of when he should be friendly and when he should be authoritative with his students. Further, the behavior and discipline conditioning is enhanced by the good, trusting relationships between the teacher and his students. References Barker, B. , J Kreider, J Peissig, G Sokoloff, M Stansfield. (2008). Glossary of terms for the experimental analysis of behavior. The University of Iowa. Retrieved February 9, 2009 from http://www. psychology. uiowa. edu/Faculty/Wasserman/Glossary/stimuli. html Feist, J. Feist, G. J. (2007). Theories of Personality (6th ed). N How to cite Behavioral Observation Project, Essays

Consumer Behaviour Factors

Question: Describe about the Consumer Behaviour with his Factors? Answer: Executive Summary This report will be dealing with the consumer behavior and the factors that influence the buying behavior of the customers. The VALS segmentation will be discussed vividly determining the importance of it in the purchasing behavior of the customers. In addition to this, the function of the marketers in turning the need of the customers as their goals is also discussed along with the attitude of the customers in buying a new product is also discussed vividly. 1. On the basis of the personal consumer behavior, the segment that matches the individual best is Values and Lifestyles method of segmentation. According to Noel (2009) VALS is psychographic market segmentation and is so designed that it is diverged for different customers. As per example we can take the example of income where the customers having high levels of income have a habit of shopping around the A class section and dining out in the excellent class restaurants. In addition to this, these customers are also inclined towards wearing out branded and exclusive designer clothes and buying exclusive imported cars. In contrast to this, the customers with middle level income are inclined towards the mediocre lifestyle and counterfeit products. Hassan Craft (2012) commented on the fact that the VALS framework is a 2-D figure that consist of X and Y axes where X axis represents the primary motivation and the Y-axis determines the income, confidence and education. So, these 2 factor s determine the value and lifestyle of the consumer that is discussed vividly in the context. According to Clarke (2001) for determining the values and lifestyle of the people, resources are essential since it includes the income, intelligence, emotional support and education of the customers. The primary motivation also influences the individuals in acquiring values and lifestyle for achieving something and in order to become more social. The high class people with high resource and income who have their individual taste and are motivated to achieve the best quality things in life. The thinkers are the decision making consumers that stay well informed about the surroundings and readily accept any changes in the society due to their higher knowledge level. The achievers on the other hand are also motivated due to their achievements in their job and family. These people can adopt any brand very fast since they also have become a part of high income level people. In addition to this, Ammi (2007) had a view that VALS help to identify the customers that need to be targeted and ea sily finds out niche markets. It also helps to locate the target groups and gain knowledge regarding the target group to see how it works. Moreover it also helps in positioning the products more precisely in the market and also aims in making the campaigns successful and accurate. For these above mentioned reasons VALS is a successful method of market segmentation that helps in reflecting the personality of the customers and largely affects the lifestyle of the people. 2. It is essential to remember that the purchasing decision of the consumers solely begins from the need and want of the customer for a product or service. According to Baumeister (2002) this need of the customers are later transformed into the goals that helps the marketers to understand the customers more deeply and also it helps them to develop the marketing mix. The marketing mix on the other hand is an essential business tool that is associated with price, promotion, place and product. All of these factors affect the marketing strategy and any change in any of the aspects changes the market scenario. Maricic, Veljkovic Djordjevic (2012) opined that this also helps in understanding the gaps between the customer needs and the offerings of the organization and based on it, the marketing mix are formed to target the customers for essentially converting the products as their needs. It is the part of the organization or the marketers to identify the needs of the customers and make it their goals. This influences the purchasing behavior or buying behavior of the customers to a large extent. Noel (2009) had a view that Promotion of the products and services are done to the targeted customers. This helps in luring the customers to a great extent for selling the product or service to the customers. The promotion is done in such a way that it makes the customers feel that the product or service is in great need to the customers. This need is essential for making the customers take decisions regarding their purchases. In addition to this, Hassan Craft (2012) commented that the product also plays an important role in targeting the customers and influencing them to buy according to their choices. The marketers present the product and their respective brands in such a way that it not only attracts the customers but also makes them feel that the product is an essential part of their life. This intensifies the need of the customers for having that product and this result in influence g the customer buying decision to a good extent. On the other hand, Clarke (2001) had a view that Price is another important factor that determines and affects the buying behavior of the customers to a considerable extent. The marketer should remember that the customers always want the products to be of superior quality and better than the value they have paid for it. This is because; the customers are generally focused towards getting good quality of products at reasonable or low prices. So, the companies need to provide discounts, offers regarding the products in order to attract the customers. Moreover, Maricic, Veljkovic Djordjevic (2012) had a view that a good and lucrative pricing can be useful in attracting the customers hugely and also helps in influencing the buying behavior of the customers. Apart from this, the place also influences the customers purchasing decision to a great extent. This is because; it determines the location or the place where the products are predictable to be sold. The easy availability of the stor es and products make the products in need of the customers and this influences the purchasing behavior of the customers. 3. Recently, the individual has purchased a luxury wrist watch Miss Pasha from the women section of Cartier Watches. The watch is totally made of stainless steel having silvered opaque dial along with Arabic numerals. Moreover, the watch is waterproof and resists water up to 99 feet and easily withstands rain and is of light weight. Regarding the tri-component attitude model, the cognitive, affective and conative components that affects the buying behavior of the individual is discussed. According to Baumeister (2002) the Cognitive component helps in making decisions through a strong thinking process. This thinking procedure takes place on the basis of perceptions and knowledge that the customer already has in the mind. The customer has knowledge regarding the Cartier watches regarding its excellent quality and outstanding finishing, polish and glamour. The individual has a good collection of watches so on the basis of the previous experiences she had, she has opted for the Cartier w atch. Moreover, Ammi (2007) had opined that the Affective component of this tri-component attitude model arises due to emotional feeling of the consumers towards a certain brand or product. The customer has a soft corner for the luxury watch and is keen to have a collection of luxury watches. This emotional attachment towards the product or brand affects the buyer purchasing decision. In addition to this, Clarke (2001) also had an opinion that the Conative component of this attitude model also helps in influencing the attitude of the buyers purchasing behavior. This component is somewhat concerned with the tendency of the individual regarding a specific object. The individual here has evaluated the brand positively and therefore are inclined towards the brand and so purchase has been done from the given brand. After buying this lavished luxury watch from Cartier based on the attitude of the individual towards it, the attitude is not at all changed. This is because the individual on the basis of the tri-component model of attitude has done extensive research for making the purchase. Reference List: Ammi, C. (2007).Global consumer behavior. London: ISTE. Noel, H. (2009).Consumer behaviour. Lausanne, Switzerland: AVA Academia. Baumeister, R. (2002). Yielding to Temptation: Self Control Failure, Impulsive Purchasing, and Consumer Behavior.Journal Of Consumer Research,28(4), 670-676. Clarke, G. (2001). Confirming satisfaction as an attitude within the service-buying process.Journal Of Consumer Behaviour,1(2), 111-123 Hassan, S., Craft, S. (2012). Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal Of Consumer Marketing,29(5), 344-356. Maricic, B., Veljkovic, S., Djordjevic, A. (2012). Customer satisfaction measurement.Marketing,43(4), 235-244.